While working on his doctoral dissertation at Harvard Institute in the direction of the last few years, Omer Gottesman spent a large amount of time at his own Desk, crushing sheets of paper, especially when he was stuck.

The paper landed in a trash can, any meaningless, but for its randomly smoothed geography. With the period was seen order. Crumpled paper for example are also common, as the paper itself — “grave for losing theories”, called them, Gottesman, physicist. For him, crumpled paper was a study.

Dynamics of crushing in this game everywhere. Scientists devote an important energy deciphering and trying to subtract the complexity and the mess. Paper is the perfect model.

"Oblivious to the seeming ease with which sheets of paper are crumpled and discarded, the dynamics of crumpling is often a paradigm of complexity,” that Gottesman in a research note posted earlier this month in the physics of communications magazine. "One of the main guesses that physicists make is that there are actually some universal qualities that are shared between almost all disordered complex systems," he said not so long ago. "The study of one difficult system has the opportunity to teach us a lot about other systems.”

English conceptual artist Martin creed once said: "I feel, in fact, that you will be able to own the microcosm of the world in the work. The same number he achieved by his own work in 1995, work No. 88, a single piece of A4 paper, crumpled into a ball. In this shriveled sphere, creed struggled with complexity and chaos, destruction, and excitement.

And in that same year, French 2 physics of Higher secondary education is normal in Paris, Martine Ben Amar, and Yves pomo, with a three-page journal article “Papier froissé"."In it, they introduced an atom of paper creasing, a d-cone: the edge of the cone that appears when you place a piece of paper on a Cup and press it with a pencil. The crumpled ball gives a set of d-cones United by ridges.

“Papier Froissé” took place on 26-page British version, “a crumpled paper."The authors came to the conclusion, wondering whether the same topological ideas about curvature have all chances to be used to the joint doctrine of relativity.

For example the premature head in physics and arithmetic of crumpled paper started. And now the latest advancement comes with the not-so-long-past contribution of Gottesman's “ state variable for crumpled delicate sheets, "which suggested, in fact, that the dynamics of the crumple does not have the ability to be hopelessly difficult after all.

"The amazing thing is that the result is quite, quite simple," said Shmuel M. Rubinstein, a physicist and key researcher of the study, but he pointed out that Gottesman actually arranged a huge share of the work. "Omer has established that, quite possibly, the most significant nuance of the paradox, which is truly chaotic-the paradigm of excitement, difficulty, and uncertainty, as a metaphor for the "flap of the butterfly's wings"-is surprisingly predictable, deterministic, and ordinary.”

In any case, the methodology was simple. In the laboratory Gottesman crushed hundreds of sheets of paper in a cylindrical container. It was a scientific work, elastoplastic Mylar sheets, which with the least possibility applied cuts with paper, or wither in the material with repeated crushing.

Some early test runs, placed on his website as” fun cardboard material, “included a” quetching " of a vertical tube of paper with a meaningless can of coffee. ("Kvetch“, text in Yiddish, which usually means” to complain“, but translates practically as” grit “or” press" became a term of affection around the laboratory, because of the paper complained about their own fate.)

Palm reader instinctively understands the life line, Gottesman studied the folds of crumpled paper and tried to tease a variable, the equation, the law is actually that foreshadowed what actually happens with the upcoming collapse.

When Gottesman crumpled, he scanned any sheet in his own computer, and after that, with the support of the method, measured the joint required amount of all folds.

He noticed, in fact that if to crumple 2 separate sheet, any, as expected, will save damage to the original way. But the total length of the folds of these 2 sheets remained surprisingly similar.

Length appears to be deterministic, for example a variable called status, monitoring, network, creases will develop.

"A thorough situation of the dynamics of the collapse is recorded in a difficult ornament of folds," wrote Gottesman and his co-authors. "Almost no 2 crumpled leaves are similar.”

However, the document is almost devoid of memory.

In any state of crumpling, the intricate patterns of folds and the actions that led to them do not make sense. All, in fact you need to predict the proper condition of the paper is the total length of the folds in the current. "You elementary care about the current state", - said Gottesman.

The news that the crumpled paper was subject to a state variable — either the law of bending or the law of damage-was received at the Academy with surprise and ecstasy, because, as the creators noted, it gave a “remarkable reduction in difficulty.”

For Rubinstein, the law of destruction is inspiring. This talks about the fact that other difficult appearances have all chances to manifest themselves in a comparable way - ” systems that are more mysterious, where you can not for example just see the scars and breakage, " he said. For example, why all kinds of proteins such as firmly formed into monotonous forms and under what criteria they do not add up?

With the paper he said “ " We are doing something quite random. We're crushing, flattening, crushing, flattening. In principle, we will simply use the system."Many systems, covering the human body, work identically, - he said.

“We look at how to accumulate damage and disadvantages and a great big question in materials science and engineering. When something breaks? How will it break? This is an uncertain statistical baggage in nature. We're helpless in front of them. But, at least, for crumpled paper is seen, in fact, that nature overcomes this confusion.”